Sports & Instability

Posterolateral Rotatory Instability

PLRI - Chronic Elbow Instability

Understanding and treating the most common pattern of elbow instability

Understanding PLRI

Posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) was first described by O'Driscoll in 1991. It is characterized by external rotation of the ulna on the humerus coupled with subluxation of the radiocapitellar joint posteriorly.

Key Anatomy

  • LUCL (Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament): Primary restraint to PLRI
  • • Originates from lateral epicondyle
  • • Inserts on supinator crest of ulna
  • • Deficiency allows posterolateral subluxation

Symptoms & Diagnosis

Common Symptoms

Clicking or clunking with elbow extension
Feeling of instability or giving way
Pain on lateral elbow
Difficulty with push-ups
Problems pushing up from a chair
Apprehension with forearm supination

Clinical Tests

Lateral Pivot Shift Test

Supination and valgus force while extending - clunk as radial head subluxates

Chair Push-Up Test

Patient pushes up from chair arms with forearms supinated - reproduces symptoms

Posterolateral Drawer

External rotation of forearm at 40° flexion - increased laxity vs contralateral

Treatment - LUCL Reconstruction

Surgical Technique
  • Graft: Palmaris longus (if present), plantaris, or hamstring
  • Humeral fixation: Bone tunnel or docking technique at isometric point
  • Ulnar fixation: Bone tunnel at supinator crest
  • Tensioning: Graft tensioned with elbow at 30° flexion, forearm pronated
Post-Operative Protocol
  • 0-2 weeks: Splint at 90°
  • 2-6 weeks: Hinged brace, active ROM, avoid supination with extension
  • 6-12 weeks: Progress ROM, light strengthening
  • 3-6 months: Return to activities

Outcome: 85-90% good to excellent results with LUCL reconstruction

Evidence & References

• O'Driscoll SW, et al. Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. JBJS Am 1991

• Sanchez-Sotelo J, et al. Surgical treatment of posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. JBJS Br 2005

• Jones KJ, et al. Outcomes of surgical treatment of posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012

Last Updated: January 2025 | Content reviewed by Dr. Deepthi Nandan Reddy, FRCS (Ortho)

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