Elbow Fusion (Arthrodesis)
When It's Needed, Surgery, and Recovery
A salvage procedure that permanently joins the elbow bones for stability and pain relief when other options have failed.
What is Elbow Fusion?
Elbow fusion (arthrodesis) is a surgical procedure that permanently joins the humerus (upper arm bone) to the ulna (forearm bone), eliminating all movement at the elbow joint.
Unlike joint replacement which preserves movement, fusion creates a stiff but stable, pain-free arm. It's rarely performed today because elbow replacement has improved significantly, but remains an important option for specific situations.
Important to Understand
After elbow fusion, you will have no elbow movement. The arm is fixed at one angle (usually 90 degrees). While this eliminates pain and provides excellent stability for lifting, it significantly impacts daily activities.
When is Elbow Fusion Needed?
Failed Elbow Replacement
When a total elbow replacement has failed due to infection, fracture, or loosening and cannot be revised
Severe Infection
Deep infection requiring removal of all hardware/implants, where fusion provides a stable, infection-free solution
Young Heavy Laborers
Young patients requiring heavy manual work where replacement would fail quickly
Post-Traumatic Arthritis
Severe arthritis after trauma in patients too young for replacement (40-50s)
Paralysis/Nerve Injury
To position a flail limb for better function
Bone Loss
Significant bone loss that won't support an elbow replacement
The Surgery
The surgery involves:
- Removing remaining cartilage from joint surfaces
- Positioning the elbow at the optimal angle (usually 90°)
- Fixing bones together with plates, screws, or external fixator
- Often using bone graft to promote fusion
- Surgery takes 2-3 hours under general anesthesia
The elbow is typically fused at 90 degrees (right angle), which allows:
- • Hand to reach face for eating
- • Personal hygiene activities
- • Using a computer/phone
- • Carrying objects at waist level
For bilateral cases (both elbows), one may be fused at a slightly different angle to improve function.
Recovery Timeline
Splint/cast immobilization while bones fuse. Finger and shoulder exercises to prevent stiffness.
X-rays to confirm bone healing. Gradual return to light activities.
Progressive strengthening. Bone fusion typically complete. Return to most activities.
Adaptation to fixed elbow. Occupational therapy for task modification.
Cost in Hyderabad
Elbow Fusion Surgery
₹1,50,000 - ₹2,50,000
Hospital Stay
3-5 days
* Costs vary based on complexity, implants used, and hospital. Most insurance policies cover this procedure.